These estimates include infectious diseases related to drinking water, sanitation, and food hygiene respiratory diseases related to severe indoor air pollution from biomass burning and vectorborne diseases with a major environmental component, such as malaria. This chapter will not repeat the discussion about indoor air pollution caused by biomass burning ( chapter 42) and water pollution caused by poor sanitation at the household level ( chapter 41), but it will focus on the problems caused by air and water pollution at the community, country, and global levels.Įstimates indicate that the proportion of the global burden of disease associated with environmental pollution hazards ranges from 23 percent ( WHO-1997) to 30 percent ( Smith, Corvalan, and Kjellstrom 1999). Nevertheless, public health practitioners and decision makers in developing countries need to be aware of the potential health risks caused by air and water pollution and to know where to find the more detailed information required to handle a specific situation. Nature, Causes, and Burden of Air and Water PollutionĮach pollutant has its own health risk profile, which makes summarizing all relevant information into a short chapter difficult.
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